Corrigendum: Evolutionary emergence of collective intelligence in large groups of students.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.848048.].

Netiquette, implication of online emotional content and empathy in adolescents according to gender / Netiqueta, implicación del contenido emocional en línea y empatía en adolescentes según el género

Abstract: Introduction: Education in netiquette (social norms that promote cyber coexistence) has become an alternative proposal for helping prevent online expressions of discrimination and violence. Specifically, empathy and online emotional content are key in antisocial behaviours. Method: Our objective is thus to differentially analyse the relationships between netiquette, online emotional content, and empathy in adolescents according to gender. 774 adolescents (55.4% girls) enrolled in 13 Spanish educational centres participated (M = 13.82 and SD = 1345). Results: Results show that girls achieve higher scores in netiquette, online emotional content, and empathy. E-emotional expression in girls and the facilitating use of e-emotions in boys are exclusionary factors of netiquette; however, the understanding and management of e-emotions for both genders, as well as cognitive empathy in boys, are promoter factors. Conclusions: It would be advisable to educate young people in netiquette, where the moderate use of emotional expression online can be an effective strategy to promote it.

Resumen Introducción: Educar en la netiqueta (normas sociales que promueven la ciberconvivencia) se ha convertido en una propuesta alternativa para ayudar a prevenir las expresiones de discriminación y violencia online. En concreto, la empatía y el contenido emocional online son claves en los comportamientos antisociales. Método: Nuestro objetivo es, por tanto, analizar de forma diferencial las relaciones entre la netiqueta, el contenido emocional online y la empatía en adolescentes según el género. Participaron 774 adolescentes (55,4% chicas) matriculados en 13 centros educativos españoles (M = 13,82 y SD = 1345). Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que las chicas alcanzan mayores puntuaciones en netiqueta, contenido emocional online y empatía. Además, la expresión e-emocional en las chicas y la facilitación del uso de las e-emociones en los chicos son factores amortiguadores de la netiqueta; sin embargo, la compresión y regulación de las e-emociones para ambos géneros, así como la empatía cognitiva en los chicos, son factores promotores. Conclusiones: Sería recomendable educar a los jóvenes en la netiqueta donde el uso moderado de la manifestación emocional en la red puede ser una estrategia eficaz para promoverla.

Evolutionary emergence of collective intelligence in large groups of students.

The emergence of collective intelligence has been studied in much greater detail in small groups than in larger ones. Nevertheless, in groups of several hundreds or thousands of members, it is well-known that the social environment exerts a considerable influence on individual behavior. A few recent papers have dealt with some aspects of large group situations, but have not provided an in-depth analysis of the role of interactions among the members of a group in the creation of ideas, as well as the group's overall performance. In this study, we report an experiment where a large set of individuals, i.e., 789 high-school students, cooperated online in real time to solve two different examinations on a specifically designed platform (Thinkhub). Our goal of this paper 6 to describe the specific mechanisms of idea creation we were able to observe and to measure the group's performance as a whole. When we deal with communication networks featuring a large number of interacting entities, it seems natural to model the set as a complex system by resorting to the tools of statistical mechanics. Our experiment shows how an interaction in small groups that increase in size over several phases, leading to a final phase where the students are confronted with the most popular answers of the previous phases, is capable of producing high-quality answers to all examination questions, whereby the last phase plays a crucial role. Our experiment likewise shows that a group's performance in such a task progresses in a linear manner in parallel with the size of the group. Finally, we show that the controlled interaction and dynamics foreseen in the system can reduce the spread of "fake news" within the group.

Análisis de la Dedicación Profesional de los Orientadores en la ESO en Aragón Respecto a la Implementación de Sus Funciones / No disponible

El presente artículo recoge las opiniones de más del 80% de los orientadores que trabajan en la Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón en los Centros que imparten la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria acerca del tiempo empleado en la implementación de sus funciones. Se destacan aquéllas en la que más tiempo ?intervención psicopedagógica, información/asesoramiento a la comunidad educativa y docencia- y menos ?evaluación, innovación e investigación? invierten. Estos datos sirven para iluminar la necesaria simbiosis entre la teoría y la práctica en el trabajo profesional de los orientadores, así como de sus condicionantes laborales. Se analizan las relaciones existentes entre la importancia que atribuyen a sus funciones y el tiempo que dedican en su práctica profesional (AU)

This paper gathers the opinions of more than 80% of school counselors working in secondary schools in Aragon. They were asked about the amount of time spent in performing their duties. The paper highlights those duties that are more time consuming (psichopedagogical advice, information/counseling to the school community and teaching) and less time consuming (AU)